What is a microdiscectomy?
A microdiscectomy is a well-established operation that removes the herniated portion of a disc pressing on a spinal nerve - a common cause of sciatica or radiating arm pain. Using an operating microscope and a small incision, the surgeon removes the fragment causing the compression while leaving the rest of the disc in place.
What happens during the procedure
Under general anesthesia, the surgeon makes a small incision, usually around 2 to 3 cm, over the affected level and gently moves the back muscles aside. With the operating microscope providing a magnified, well-lit view, a small part of the bone (the lamina) may be trimmed to reach the nerve. The nerve is protected, the herniated fragment is removed, and the area is checked before closing. Discharge may be the day of surgery or after an overnight stay, depending on mobility, pain control and general health.
Benefits and considerations
Microdiscectomy is one established option for nerve compression caused by a herniated disc. It may provide suitable access for larger or migrated fragments, or anatomy that is better viewed through a microscope. Endoscopic discectomy uses a different access route and may suit selected cases.
As with any operation, there are considerations. Possible risks include infection, bleeding, a dural tear, nerve irritation and recurrent disc herniation. Choosing the procedure should take account of symptoms, neurological findings, imaging and anatomy.
Recovery and what to expect
Pain, numbness and weakness may improve at different rates after the nerve is freed. Walking is introduced when it is safe. Your surgeon will provide individual guidance for wound care, medication, work, driving, lifting and exercise.
If surgery has been recommended, a second opinion can review the diagnosis, the proposed procedure and the available alternatives.
How we approach your care
- 01
Find the true source
We begin with a thorough history and examination, supported by imaging where appropriate, to pinpoint the precise source of the problem.
- 02
Consider appropriate options
Where clinically appropriate, we consider established non-surgical options before surgery. The plan depends on the diagnosis, symptoms, health and priorities of the individual patient.
- 03
A plan built around you
Every step is explained clearly, so you always understand your options and what comes next.
This may help if
- A herniated disc is confirmed on MRI and matches your symptoms
- Leg pain (sciatica) is worse than your back pain and has not settled with conservative care
- Your anatomy or disc position is better suited to a microscope than an endoscope
Suitability can only be assessed after reviewing your symptoms, examination, relevant imaging and previous treatment.
Common questions
How is microdiscectomy different from endoscopic discectomy?
Both remove the disc fragment pressing on the nerve. Microdiscectomy uses a small incision, around 2 to 3 cm, and an operating microscope, while endoscopic discectomy works through a sub-centimeter opening with a camera. Both are established ways of doing the same job; the right choice depends on the size and position of your herniation and your anatomy.
Will I be asleep during surgery?
Microdiscectomy is usually performed under general anesthesia, so you are fully asleep and feel nothing during the operation. An anesthetist looks after you throughout and will discuss your health and the plan with you beforehand.
How soon can I return to work and drive?
Return to work and driving varies with pain, movement, medication use and the physical demands of your job. Your surgeon will give you an individual plan and review it during follow-up.
Can the disc herniate again?
Yes. A disc can herniate again after any discectomy. The likelihood depends on several clinical factors, and your surgeon will explain how this applies to you and what symptoms should prompt review.
What are the risks?
Possible complications include infection, bleeding, a dural tear, nerve irritation and recurrent disc herniation. Your surgeon will explain the likelihood and relevance of each risk for your case before you decide.
Do I definitely need surgery?
Not always. The decision depends on symptom severity, neurological findings, imaging and response to non-surgical care. Progressive weakness or other urgent findings may change the timing. A second opinion can review the diagnosis, recommendation and alternatives.